How to Write a Paper on Global Warming

How to Write a Paper on Global Warming Writing a paper on global warming can be rather tricky task, as a lot of specific information is needed and certain peculiarities exist. We propose to your consideration an exemplary paper on this topic so as you can analyze it and write your own one on its basis. Nature and climate are in the constant evolution and change. In the majority of cases this transformation process is significantly slower, than the life expectancy of the generation. Therefore, we cannot evidence and observe how nature around us is evolving, unless we specifically address related literature and tools that help us to do so. It used to be this way till very recent past, but, more and more during the last decade we hear about the phenomena of global warming and its effects on our life. A lot of literature and TV programs introduce us in the latest changes in global climate and nature transformation, such as melting ice of the South and North Poles, average sea water level increase globally, etc. All these events are the causes for extinction of the various species and significant change in the geographical layout of particular areas. Temperature records are becoming common in different places of the world: Brazil is suffering from extreme winter, Russia is diving in high summer temperature and droughts, while Europe is drawing in everlasting rains. All these changes happened during five to ten years. For the first time in our planet’s history the humanity can evidence rapid changes that can be seen and experienced by one generation in full. What are the consequences of the global warming and what should we expect in the nearest future? We are not in control of the nature, but we undoubtedly one of the strongest elements of nature cycle, as each and every human activity has it reflection in the nature. It is high time time to re-evaluate and re-analyse the role of the humans in today’s environment and start turning our destructive activities into constructive cooperation.

Ethics And Morals Of Pi - 1181 Words

Mace 1 Megan Mace G. Cameron ENG 4U December 19, 2016 Ethics and Morals in Life of Pi Everybody; no matter your religion, skin colour, or gender possess a combination of morals based on the things internally believed are right or wrong. These can be established through many influences including, social constructs, personal experiences, and upbringing. Yann Martel is constantly challenging the reader’s morals throughout Life of Pi, after Pi is on the lifeboat, he has to make the extremely hard decision between his own religious morals, and survival. In all of Pi’s dilemmas, survival always outweighs the â€Å"needs† of mankind s culture, making these constructs no longer a priority. Utilitarianism, consequential versus categorical moral†¦show more content†¦You want a flat story. An immobile story. You want dry, yeastless factuality.† (Martel 336) Pi sees that the needs of a majority take precedence over the things that he went through --which could be reasonably contended-- so Pi tells them the story everyone would believe in the m eans to benefit society. Over many of years, the concept of utilitarianism has changed, people would once describe it as pain and pleasure. Now society begins to further the approach, thinking about the intensity and duration of pain and pleasure. To this day there are seven principles that should be considered while thinking about what true pain and pleasure are. Some including, intensity, duration, and propinquity or remoteness. Intensity, being one of the most important of all, can determine whether or not it is pain or pleasure, revealing a high degree of emotional excitement. The length of time something continues or exists, is known a duration. Propinquity or remoteness is the thinking of how close something is either in a time or location sense, as in when or where it is about to happen. These are all great morals to have, when it’s thought of in a utilitarian sense, it should be applied to a majority for it’s still the idea of equality. Mace 3 The basis of utilitarianism is consequentialist moral reasoning, which locates morality from the consequences of the act. Once again to base morality off the idea of making aShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Moral Behavior1615 Words   |  7 Pagesmarvellous phenomena rather than invent them. The discoveries may require neutrality in our thinking, but the proofs need prior knowledge, because each formula is built from an aggregate of different unique formulas. In the same way, in ethics, the study of moral behaviour, we are required to use emotions and reasoning as a way of making judgements. 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His role as a Principle Investigator (PI) follows transformational leadership principles (Colquitt et al., 2011a, p. 496). Dr. Harding’s genuine honesty, trustworthiness, and desire to assist my development into an effective, independent investigator were influential factors that positivelyRead MoreWhat Does Corporate Responsibility Mean1518 Words   |  7 Pagesemployees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public sphere. Furthermore, CSR-focused businesses would proactively promote the public interest (PI) by encouraging community growth and development, and voluntarily eliminating practices that harm the public sphere, regardless of legality. CSR is the deliberate inclusion of PI into corporate decision-making, that is the core business of the company or firm, and the honouring of a triple bottom line: people, planet, profit. The term corporateRead MoreBusiness Professionals : Different Types Of Audiences1074 Words   |  5 Pagesread. 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The book â€Å"life of pi† demonstrates that having an understanding and faith in more than one religion can help us survive in the most difficult circumstances and can keep ones spirits alive. In life of pi the three types of religion (Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam)

The Future Of Fuel Cell Technology Engineering Essay Free Essays

In our current universe of planetary heating, clime alteration, fuel insecurity, and high energy demand and ingestion from developing states, it is perfectly necessary we started looking into how to bring forth the power of the hereafter. Through research, development, and promotion of engineering, several beginnings of alternate, clean renewable energy have been identified. One of the alternate beginnings of energy for the hereafter is â€Å" The Fuel Cell Technology † . We will write a custom essay sample on The Future Of Fuel Cell Technology Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This engineering ( fuel cell engineering ) has the possible to be the drift which will transform the manner in which industries of today will bring forth energy of tomorrow. Fuel Cell can merely be describe as a power bring forthing system made up of electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of H into electrical energy. The electrical energy is generated from the reaction between H ( which is the fuel ) an O ( which is the oxidizer ) . The history of fuel cells history can be dated back to 1939 when William Grove, a British scientist foremost discovered its rule. He demonstrated this by utilizing four big cells ( each incorporating H and O ) to bring forth electric power which was so used to divide the H2O ( in a smaller upper cell ) into H and O. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) subsequently demonstrated their possible applications in supplying power during infinite flights. Since so, industry has been looking at the commercial viability of fuel cells engineering to bring forth energy in assorted applications in such a manner that it can vie with other sources/types of energy coevals. Fuel Cells Types There are several types of fuel cells being developed. The chief difference between fuel cells types is their electrolyte. The chief fuel cells types are listed below: Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells ( PEMFC ) : This is besides called the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell. It is the most favorable fuel cell engineering that offer alternate to the internal burning engine. The PEMFC uses a thin plastic membrane as its electrolyte. The reaction gases ( H and O ) are fed into the cell to respond with the anode and the cathode. The fuel H continuously flows to the anode. At the anode, H ions ( or protons ) and negatrons are produce from the H. Merely positively charged H ions pass through the membrane. The negatively charged negatrons flow to the electrical socket to bring forth electrical power. Oxygen continuously flow to the cathode. At the cathode the O combines with H ions and the negatrons to organize H2O which flows out of the cell. 2HA? a 4Ha + 4ea? » Equation for the reaction of the anode Oa‚‚ + 4Ha + 4ea? » a 2Ha‚‚O Equation for the reaction at the cathode 2Ha‚‚ + Oa‚‚ a 2Ha‚‚O Overall Equation Figure 1: How PEMFC works ( Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //altenergystation.com/fuel-cells.html ) The PEMFC has many advantages over all other types of fuel cell ; The PEMFC has a high power denseness and a low operating temperature ( of about 60-80 grades Celsius ) compared with other types of fuel cell. Its low operating temperature makes the fuel cell to warm up and get down bring forthing electricity within a short period of clip. Besides, the electrolyte is a solid stuff which makes it simpler to fabricate. The solid electrolyte of PEMFC makes it easier to orientate compared with other electrolytes. It is besides less caustic and has longer cell life and stack life. Other advantages of PEMFC are: It merely requires H and O as reactant. The by merchandise is H2O. It can be used as an option to internal burning engine. Although PEMFC has many benefits, it does hold some disadvantages excessively. The operating temperature is low ( about 80A °C ) ; which is non high plenty to execute utile cogeneration. It is an expensive signifier of electricity coevals. It cost about ?2500 – ?5000 per kilowatt. The control of wet in the cathode and anode watercourse is of import as the electrolyte is required to be saturated with H2O to run optimally. Direct Methanol Fuel Cells ( DMFC ) These types of fuel cells are comparable to the PEMFC except that methyl alcohol is used as fuel alternatively of H. It works by oxidising of the liquid methyl alcohol ( CHa‚?OH ) in the presence of H2O at the anode. The DMFC uses the same type of electrolyte as the PEMFC, but with thicker membranes. The chemical equation ( reaction ) of the DMFC is as follow ; At the anode: CHa‚?OH + Ha‚‚O a COa‚‚ +6Ha + 6ea? » At the cathode: 3/2Oa‚‚ + 6Ha + 6ea? » a 3Ha‚‚O Overall Equation: CHa‚?OH + 3/2Oa‚‚ a COa‚‚+ 2Ha‚‚O DMFC engineering is really applicable for portable power devices like laptops, 2-way wirelesss, cell phones, PDA etc. This is due to the high energy denseness of the methyl alcohol fuel. The current DMFCs can bring forth power denseness between 300-1000mWcmA? compared to PEMFC power denseness of 300-1000mWcmA? . DMFC can run between 50A °C and 120A °C with an efficiency of approximately 40 % . The DMFC offers a batch of benefits compared with PEMFC ; nevertheless its development is still in its early phases. Some of its advantages are ; It uses a liquid ( methyl alcohol ) fuel for power. Methanol can incorporate efficaciously with transmittal and distribution systems that are already in being. It does non necessitate a complicated fuel storage system, as suppose to hydrogen fuel storage for PEMFC. It is simpler in its design, and has the possible for low-volume, lightweight packaging. Methanol is easier to transport and provide in commercial measures utilizing current gasolene substructure. The chief disadvantage nevertheless, is that the low oxidation of methyl alcohol to hydrogen ions and COa‚‚ requires a more active accelerator. The fuel stack requires big measures of Pt compared with the PEMFC. Due to the big measures of Pt requires, the DMFC are more expensive. Other disadvantages are ; methanol is extremely caustic and toxic, DMFC have low efficiency compared to PEMFC due to the high pervasion of methyl alcohol through the membrane. Alkaline Fuel Cells ( AFC ) AFC were one of the first type of fuel cell engineerings developed and used in the United States infinite plan to bring forth electricity. AFC operates by utilizing a solution of K hydrated oxide ( KOH ) in H2O as the electrolyte. It can utilize a broad scope of assorted non-precious metals as a accelerator at the anode and the cathode. AFC operates at temperature between 100A °C and 250A °C, nevertheless, most recent design of AFC operate at lower temperature of approximately 23A °C to 70A °C. AFC have been proved to hold efficiency of stopping point to 60 % . Advantages of AFC are ; The costs of AFC are lowered compared to other signifiers of fuel cell engineerings because Alkaline engineering can work absolutely good without the usage of cherished metals. The AFC operates at a low temperature of about 70A °C. This lower its costs because the lower the operating temperature, the lower the cost of the stuffs needed to make a working and dependable system. AFC has the highest efficiency of all fuel cell type ( about 60 % ) . AFC nevertheless is susceptible to taint, hence requires pure H and O. Susceptibility of AFCs to taint besides affects the cell ‘s life-time, therefore extra cost. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells ( PAFC ) The PAFC is one of the modern fuel cell and the first to be used commercially. PAFC can bring forth up to 200 kilowatt of power and is chiefly used to power stationary power coevals and besides to power big vehicles like coachs. The PAFC uses liquid phosphorous acid as an electrolyte. The phosphorous acid is contained in a Teflon-bonded Si carbide matrix and porous C electrodes incorporating a Pt accelerator. The chief feature of PAFC is the impregnation of the phosphorous acid aqueous solution as the electrolyte in the matrix. The efficiency of PAFC is approximately 40 % but can be increased to over 70 % with combined heat and power. One of the chief advantages of PAFC is that they are more receptive to drosss in fossil fuels that have been reformed into H than PEMFC, which are easy poisoned by C monoxide. PAFC are besides more efficient when used for the cogeneration of electricity and heat ( about 85 % ) . Other benefit of PAFC is its first-class dependability and long-run public presentation. The disadvantage nevertheless is that it takes longer to warm up because it operates at a higher temperature ( between 150A °C and 200A °C ) , therefore doing it unsuitable for usage in autos. It besides requires Pt as a accelerator like most other types of fuel cells, but provides low power and current. Another deficit of PAFC is its size and volume in relation to their end product compared with other types of fuel cell. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells ( MCFC ) Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ( SOFC ) Hydrogen Electrolysis PEM Fuel Cell and Electrolyser Operating Principles Table Fuel Cell Development in Future: An Independent Opinion Experiment: How to Better Output and Efficiency ofaˆÂ ¦ Consequence: Calculation of Improved Efficiency/Performance Decision Glossary Appendixs How to cite The Future Of Fuel Cell Technology Engineering Essay, Essay examples